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Arc GIS Based Interpretation of Surface Sediment Heavy Metals Near Coastal Area of District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan

Received: 7 April 2015     Accepted: 17 April 2015     Published: 28 April 2015
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Abstract

The present study investigates heavy metal contamination of sediments of the surface drains, lakes and lagoons of coastal district Badin. The accumulation of industrial, municipal waste water, pumped saline water and agricultural runoff through left bank outfall drain (LBOD) and other linking drains in the coastal lines of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan, have disturbed the environmental ecology of the area. The heavy metal characteristics of sediments were analyzed, i.e. ionic and molecular species of Hg,Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Arc GIS application was used for mapping of the studied area. The obtained results were represented by GIS based maps, with graduated colored circles. A total of 31 sediment samples were taken from drains, lakes and lagoons of coastal areas. The average results, analyzed for heavy metals, were found as Hg(mg/kg) 0.2032 ±0.173, Ni (mg/kg)1.455 ±1.449,Cd (Not Detected), Zn(mg/kg)2.789 ± 0.865, Cu(mg/kg)0.3050 ±0.3355, Fe(mg/kg)71.175±1.610, Mn (mg/kg)7.375±1.848, Co (mg/kg) 0.0548 ±0.0634,Pb(mg/kg)0.216 ± .114,Cr(mg/kg)0.7054 ±0.6949.The obtained results indicated that pollution of heavy metal concentration in surface sediments of lakes , lagoons, and drains near coastal lines of Badin Sindh, posed a serious question . The main contaminating sources in the area are LBOD and other link drains, carrier of industrial effluents of different districts. Poor infrastructure of LBOD facilitates backward flow of contaminated sea tidal water towards coastal saline lakes, also adds in sediment pollution.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11
Page(s) 110-119
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Sediments, Lakes, Lagoons, Badin Coastal Area, LBOD (Left Bank Outfall Drain), Kadhan Pateji Outfall Drain (KPOD), Dhoro Puran Outfall Drain (DPOD), GIS(Geographic Information System)

References
[1] US EPA 2007.Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) Phases I, II, and III. Guidance Document US EPA Washington, DC20460.
[2] Sekabira, K.Oryem Origa,H.Basamba, T. A. Mutumba,G. Kakudidi,E.2010. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries.Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7 (3), 435-446.
[3] Aprile, F.M. and Bouvy, M.2008. Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in sediments at the Tapacura river basin north eastern Brazil. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol., 12(1), 1-8.
[4] Iwuoha, G.N. Osuji, L.C. Horsfall, M. Jnr. 2012.Index Model Analysis Approach to Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Sediments of Nworie and Otamiri Rivers in Imo State of Nigeria. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences Vol. 2(8), 1-8.
[5] IUCN 2006. District Vision–Badin. A Framework for Sustainable Development.
[6] SIDA 2013. Sindh Water Sector Improvement Project-I.Regional master plan of Indus delta and coastal zone.Revival of Natural Dhoras Sindh Water. Sector Improvement Plan for Left Bank of Indus, Delta and Coastal Zone.
[7] LBOD 2005.Review of the Performance of the Left Bank Out fall Drain Stage 1 (KPOD, DPOD, Tidal Link and Cholri Weir) Report of the World Bank International Panel of Experts South Asia Region. Agriculture and Rural Development.
[8] EIA 2012. Environmental Impact Assessment for Exploration Activities in Badin Concession – Protected Area Final report.
[9] Gupta, P.K. 2011. Methods in Environmental Analysis Water, Soil and Air.2nd Edition Agribios India.
[10] Burrough, P.A. 1986. Principles of Geographic Information System for land Resources Assessment Monograph on Soils and Resources, Survey No.2. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.
[11] Facchinelli A. , Sacchi E. , Mallen L.,2001. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils. J. Environ. Pollut.114, 313–324.
[12] Chen C.W., Chen C.F., Dong C.D., 2012. Distribution and Accumulation of Mercury in Sediments of Kaohsiung River Mouth, Taiwan APCBEE Procedia 1 153 – 158.
[13] OgbeibuA.E., OmoigberaleM.O., EzenwaI.M., EzizaJ.O., IgweJ.O.,2014.Using Pollution Load Index and Geoaccumulation Index for the Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Sediment Quality of the Benin River, Nigeria. Natural Environment, 2(1), 1-9.
[14] LuC.X., ChengJ., 2011.Speciation of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from Different Eutrophic Lakes of China. Procedia Engineering, 18, 318-323.
[15] ChenC.W. Chen C.F., Dong C.D. 2012.Copper Contamination in the Sediments of Salt River Mouth, Taiwan Energy Procedia, 16,901-906.
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  • APA Style

    Mohammad Amin Qureshi, Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi, Mushtaque Ahmed Baloch, Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Sarfaraz Ali Mallah, et al. (2015). Arc GIS Based Interpretation of Surface Sediment Heavy Metals Near Coastal Area of District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(3), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11

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    ACS Style

    Mohammad Amin Qureshi; Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi; Mushtaque Ahmed Baloch; Muhammad Ali Bhatti; Sarfaraz Ali Mallah, et al. Arc GIS Based Interpretation of Surface Sediment Heavy Metals Near Coastal Area of District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2015, 4(3), 110-119. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11

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    AMA Style

    Mohammad Amin Qureshi, Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi, Mushtaque Ahmed Baloch, Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Sarfaraz Ali Mallah, et al. Arc GIS Based Interpretation of Surface Sediment Heavy Metals Near Coastal Area of District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Am J Environ Prot. 2015;4(3):110-119. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11,
      author = {Mohammad Amin Qureshi and Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi and Mushtaque Ahmed Baloch and Muhammad Ali Bhatti and Sarfaraz Ali Mallah and Muhammad Waseem Junejo and Rashid Ali Malukhani and Imran Ali Abbasi},
      title = {Arc GIS Based Interpretation of Surface Sediment Heavy Metals Near Coastal Area of District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {110-119},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20150403.11},
      abstract = {The present study investigates heavy metal contamination of sediments of the surface drains, lakes and lagoons of coastal district Badin. The accumulation of industrial, municipal waste water, pumped saline water and agricultural runoff through left bank outfall drain (LBOD) and other linking drains in the coastal lines of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan, have disturbed the environmental ecology of the area. The heavy metal characteristics of sediments were analyzed, i.e. ionic and molecular species of Hg,Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Arc GIS application was used for mapping of the studied area. The obtained results were represented by GIS based maps, with graduated colored circles. A total of 31 sediment samples were taken from drains, lakes and lagoons of coastal areas. The average results, analyzed for heavy metals, were found as Hg(mg/kg) 0.2032 ±0.173, Ni (mg/kg)1.455 ±1.449,Cd (Not Detected), Zn(mg/kg)2.789 ± 0.865, Cu(mg/kg)0.3050 ±0.3355, Fe(mg/kg)71.175±1.610, Mn (mg/kg)7.375±1.848, Co (mg/kg) 0.0548 ±0.0634,Pb(mg/kg)0.216 ± .114,Cr(mg/kg)0.7054 ±0.6949.The obtained results indicated that pollution of  heavy metal concentration in surface  sediments of lakes , lagoons, and drains near coastal lines of Badin Sindh, posed a serious question . The main contaminating sources in the area are LBOD and other link drains, carrier of industrial effluents of different districts. Poor infrastructure of LBOD facilitates backward flow of contaminated sea tidal water towards coastal saline lakes, also adds in sediment pollution.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Arc GIS Based Interpretation of Surface Sediment Heavy Metals Near Coastal Area of District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan
    AU  - Mohammad Amin Qureshi
    AU  - Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi
    AU  - Mushtaque Ahmed Baloch
    AU  - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
    AU  - Sarfaraz Ali Mallah
    AU  - Muhammad Waseem Junejo
    AU  - Rashid Ali Malukhani
    AU  - Imran Ali Abbasi
    Y1  - 2015/04/28
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 110
    EP  - 119
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.11
    AB  - The present study investigates heavy metal contamination of sediments of the surface drains, lakes and lagoons of coastal district Badin. The accumulation of industrial, municipal waste water, pumped saline water and agricultural runoff through left bank outfall drain (LBOD) and other linking drains in the coastal lines of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan, have disturbed the environmental ecology of the area. The heavy metal characteristics of sediments were analyzed, i.e. ionic and molecular species of Hg,Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Arc GIS application was used for mapping of the studied area. The obtained results were represented by GIS based maps, with graduated colored circles. A total of 31 sediment samples were taken from drains, lakes and lagoons of coastal areas. The average results, analyzed for heavy metals, were found as Hg(mg/kg) 0.2032 ±0.173, Ni (mg/kg)1.455 ±1.449,Cd (Not Detected), Zn(mg/kg)2.789 ± 0.865, Cu(mg/kg)0.3050 ±0.3355, Fe(mg/kg)71.175±1.610, Mn (mg/kg)7.375±1.848, Co (mg/kg) 0.0548 ±0.0634,Pb(mg/kg)0.216 ± .114,Cr(mg/kg)0.7054 ±0.6949.The obtained results indicated that pollution of  heavy metal concentration in surface  sediments of lakes , lagoons, and drains near coastal lines of Badin Sindh, posed a serious question . The main contaminating sources in the area are LBOD and other link drains, carrier of industrial effluents of different districts. Poor infrastructure of LBOD facilitates backward flow of contaminated sea tidal water towards coastal saline lakes, also adds in sediment pollution.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • M.A.Kazi Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

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