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Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea

Received: 10 March 2017     Accepted: 25 March 2017     Published: 10 April 2017
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Abstract

In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
Page(s) 50-61
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aegean Sea, Copper Alloy Mesh Cage, Environmental Parameters

References
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[2] Grass, G., Rensing, C., & Solioz, M. (2011). Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 77(5), 1541-1547.
[3] Gonzalez, E. P., Hurtado, C. F., Gace, L., & Augsburger, A. (2013). Economic impacts of adopting copper alloy mesh in trout aquaculture: Chilean example. Aquacic Economic Management, 17(1), 71-86.
[4] Tsukrov, I., Drach, A., DeCew, J., Swift, M. R., & Celikkol, B. (2011). Characterization of geometry and normal drag coefficients of copper nets. Ocean Engineering, 38, 1979-1988.
[5] Yigit, M., Celikkol, B., DeCew, J., Bulut, M., Kesbic, O. S., Karga, M., Özalp, B., & Büyükates, Y. (2012). Copper-alloy mesh in offshore aquaculture systems – A new net material for cage farming in the Southern European seas. In: Abstracts of the 4th Offshore Mariculture Conference, Izmir, 17-19 October 2012.
[6] Bulut, M., Yigit, M., Ergun, S., Kesbic, O. S., Acar, U., Gultepe, N., Karga, M., Yılmaz, S., & Guroy, D. (2014). Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture International, 22, 965–973.
[7] Ayer, N., Martin, S., Dwyer, R. L., Gace, L., & Laurin, L. (2016). Environmental performance of copper-alloy net-pens: Life cycle assessment of Atlantic salmon grow-out in copper-alloy and nylon net-pens. Aquaculture, 453(1), 93-103.
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[10] Strickland, J. D. H., & Parsons, T. R. (1972). A practical handbook of seawater analysis. 2nd ed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
[11] Bregnballe J. (2015). A guide to recirculation aquaculture, an introduction to the new environmentally friendly and highly productive closed fish farming systems. Publication of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and EUROFISH International Organisation.
[12] Kocataş, A. (1993). Oseanoloji. Ege Üniveristesi Kitaplar Serisi. Bornova. İzmir. (In Turkish).
[13] Koçum, E. (2005). Çanakkaleboğazında klorofila ve çözünmüş mineral besin elementi miktarlarının analizi. Ekoloji, 14, 1-6. (In Turkish).
[14] Buyukates, Y., & İnanmaz, Ö. E. (2007). Temporal variations in vertical distribution and occurrence of marine cladocerans in an urbanized harbour. Dardanelles. Turkey. Crustaceana, 80, 1293-1302.
[15] Buyukates, Y., & İnanmaz, Ö. E. (2009). Cladocerans of an urbanized harbour: effects of environmental parameters on vertical distribution, occurrence, abundance, and seasonal variation. Crustaceana, 82, 543-554.
[16] Buyukates, Y., & İnanmaz, Ö. E. (2010). The Annual Mesozooplankton Dynamics and influence of environmental parameters in an urbanized harbor (Kepez Harbor-Dardanelles Strait, Turkey). Ekoloji, 19, 60-68.
[17] Odabaşı, S., & Büyükates, Y. (2009). Daily Variation of chlorophyll-a, environmental parameters and nutrients: Sarıçay creek as an exemplary (Çanakkale, Turkey). Ekoloji, 19, 76-85.
[18] WPCR (Water Pollution Control Regulations). (2012). Official Gazette (ResmiGazete): 31 December 2012, Friday, Issue: 25687 (In Turkish).
[19] Besiktepe, S., Sur, H. I., Ozsoy, E., Latif, M. A., Oguz, T., & Unluata, U. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34, 285-334.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut. (2017). Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 6(2), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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    ACS Style

    Yesim Buyukates; Barbaros Celikkol; Murat Yigit; Judson DeCew; Musa Bulut. Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2017, 6(2), 50-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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    AMA Style

    Yesim Buyukates, Barbaros Celikkol, Murat Yigit, Judson DeCew, Musa Bulut. Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea. Am J Environ Prot. 2017;6(2):50-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13,
      author = {Yesim Buyukates and Barbaros Celikkol and Murat Yigit and Judson DeCew and Musa Bulut},
      title = {Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {6},
      number = {2},
      pages = {50-61},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20170602.13},
      abstract = {In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea
    AU  - Yesim Buyukates
    AU  - Barbaros Celikkol
    AU  - Murat Yigit
    AU  - Judson DeCew
    AU  - Musa Bulut
    Y1  - 2017/04/10
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 50
    EP  - 61
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170602.13
    AB  - In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

  • Department of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH – USA

  • Department of Aquaculture and Marine Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

  • Jere A. Chase Ocean Engineering Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH – USA

  • Department of Aquaculture and Marine Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

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