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Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater from Peri-urban Area of Douala – Cameroon

Received: 4 August 2021     Accepted: 4 September 2021     Published: 15 September 2021
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Abstract

The physicochemical characterization of water of the peri-urban area of Douala city was carried out from 04 springs and 21 wells in February 2013 and August 2013 corresponding to the dry season and the rainy season respectively. For bacteriological analyzes, thirteen water points were sampled, including 4 sources, 08 wells in the rainy and dry season. All the water points yielded pH values below 7,0 and were classified as acidic water. Electrical conductivity ranged between 44.30-483μm/cm and then waters are poor mineralized. The relative abundance of major ions (mg/l) was Ca2+> Na+> K+> Mg2+ for cations in dry season whereas and Na+> K+> Ca2+>Mg2+ in the rainy season. For the anions, HCO3-> Cl->SO42-> NO3- in the dry season whereas in the rainy season HCO3- > Cl- > NO3- > SO42-. Major ion concentrations were within the WHO guidelines for drinking water, but a few points have a concentrations below the WHO limits. Main water types in the both seasons were Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl. Bacteriological analysis revealed that all water points sampled during the rainy season and some (67%) during dry season contain feacal contamination control germs. Bacteriological contamination of the water is of human and animal origin. Human origin is linked outflow from latrines used by the population. The spring and well waters analysed are not suitable for drinking and domestic purposes except two springs in the dry season.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11
Page(s) 104-110
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Physicochemistry, Bacteriology, Groundwater, Periurban, Douala, Cameroon

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  • APA Style

    Tatou Rel Dechangue, Kamgang Kabeyene Veronique, Kengni Lucas. (2021). Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater from Peri-urban Area of Douala – Cameroon. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(5), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11

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    ACS Style

    Tatou Rel Dechangue; Kamgang Kabeyene Veronique; Kengni Lucas. Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater from Peri-urban Area of Douala – Cameroon. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(5), 104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11

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    AMA Style

    Tatou Rel Dechangue, Kamgang Kabeyene Veronique, Kengni Lucas. Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater from Peri-urban Area of Douala – Cameroon. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(5):104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11,
      author = {Tatou Rel Dechangue and Kamgang Kabeyene Veronique and Kengni Lucas},
      title = {Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater from Peri-urban Area of Douala – Cameroon},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {104-110},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211005.11},
      abstract = {The physicochemical characterization of water of the peri-urban area of Douala city was carried out from 04 springs and 21 wells in February 2013 and August 2013 corresponding to the dry season and the rainy season respectively. For bacteriological analyzes, thirteen water points were sampled, including 4 sources, 08 wells in the rainy and dry season. All the water points yielded pH values below 7,0 and were classified as acidic water. Electrical conductivity ranged between 44.30-483μm/cm and then waters are poor mineralized. The relative abundance of major ions (mg/l) was Ca2+> Na+> K+> Mg2+ for cations in dry season whereas and Na+> K+> Ca2+>Mg2+ in the rainy season. For the anions, HCO3-> Cl->SO42-> NO3- in the dry season whereas in the rainy season HCO3- > Cl- > NO3- > SO42-. Major ion concentrations were within the WHO guidelines for drinking water, but a few points have a concentrations below the WHO limits. Main water types in the both seasons were Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl. Bacteriological analysis revealed that all water points sampled during the rainy season and some (67%) during dry season contain feacal contamination control germs. Bacteriological contamination of the water is of human and animal origin. Human origin is linked outflow from latrines used by the population. The spring and well waters analysed are not suitable for drinking and domestic purposes except two springs in the dry season.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater from Peri-urban Area of Douala – Cameroon
    AU  - Tatou Rel Dechangue
    AU  - Kamgang Kabeyene Veronique
    AU  - Kengni Lucas
    Y1  - 2021/09/15
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 104
    EP  - 110
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211005.11
    AB  - The physicochemical characterization of water of the peri-urban area of Douala city was carried out from 04 springs and 21 wells in February 2013 and August 2013 corresponding to the dry season and the rainy season respectively. For bacteriological analyzes, thirteen water points were sampled, including 4 sources, 08 wells in the rainy and dry season. All the water points yielded pH values below 7,0 and were classified as acidic water. Electrical conductivity ranged between 44.30-483μm/cm and then waters are poor mineralized. The relative abundance of major ions (mg/l) was Ca2+> Na+> K+> Mg2+ for cations in dry season whereas and Na+> K+> Ca2+>Mg2+ in the rainy season. For the anions, HCO3-> Cl->SO42-> NO3- in the dry season whereas in the rainy season HCO3- > Cl- > NO3- > SO42-. Major ion concentrations were within the WHO guidelines for drinking water, but a few points have a concentrations below the WHO limits. Main water types in the both seasons were Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl. Bacteriological analysis revealed that all water points sampled during the rainy season and some (67%) during dry season contain feacal contamination control germs. Bacteriological contamination of the water is of human and animal origin. Human origin is linked outflow from latrines used by the population. The spring and well waters analysed are not suitable for drinking and domestic purposes except two springs in the dry season.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

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