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Adaptation Response of Farmer to Climate Change and Variability in Gibe District of Hadiya Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia

Received: 1 November 2022     Accepted: 8 December 2022     Published: 28 December 2022
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Abstract

Climate change and variability across human borders and borders pose the greatest environmental, social, and economic concerns in many countries. Different mechanisms exist to react to the impacts of climate change and variability, including the adaptation. This study aim was to evaluate adaptation responses of farmers' to climate change and variability. Using an interview of household, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, the study has collected qualitative and quantitative data using a stratified random sampling technique and a multiple stage sampling procedure. As a result, 299 household respondents were selected from three kebeles to provide primary data. National meteorological agency provided secondary data of rainfall and temperature. With the help of SPSS software version 20 and Microsoft Excel, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and multinomial logistic methods. The result reveals that seasonal and yearly rainfalls in the area are unpredictable with a declining tendency, while temperature is dramatically rising. Crop yield is also reducing and becoming highly unstable, according to the survey result, due to the effects of climate variability and change. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the majority of farmers are aware of climate change and its effects on crop production. Changes in crop type/or and variety, as well as proper soil and water conservation, are the most important climate change adaptation responses in the area. Similarly, findings revealed that raising agricultural community awareness and knowledge, providing to implement appropriate adaptation responses, are critical requirements for reducing the negative effects of climate change and variability. To improve crop production in the study area, it is critical to create way of adaptation responses and facilities to the climate variability and change adaptation responses to the smallholder farmers.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 11, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12
Page(s) 157-164
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Climate Variability, Climate Change, Crop Production and Adaptation Response

References
[1] Amare, A. and Simane, B., 2017. Determinants of smallholder farmers’ decision to adopt adaptation options to climate change and variability in the Muger Sub basin of the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia. Agriculture & food security, 6 (1), pp. 1-20.
[2] Assefa, D. and Haile, F., 2021. Climate Change Induced Shocks, Consequent Impacts, Vulnerability and Farmers Endeavor to Adapt in Northern Highland: Implication for Designing Household and Community Level Strategies.
[3] Ayele, M., Tekalign, S. and Sishaw, T., 2018. Climate Variability, Causes and Consequences Percieved by Smallholder Farmers of Soro Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Nations’, Nationalities’ and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, 6 (1), pp. 35-49.
[4] Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G A. and Ringler, C., 2009. Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints. Environmental science & policy, 12 (4), pp. 413-426.
[5] Cooper, P. J., Dimes, J., Rao, K. P. C., Shapiro, B., Shiferaw, B. and Twomlow, S., 2008. Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: An essential first step in adapting to future climate change?. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 126 (1-2), pp. 24-35.
[6] Gezie, M., 2019. Farmer’s response to climate change and variability in Ethiopia: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5 (1), p. 1613770.
[7] Hadgu, G., Tesfaye, K., Mamo, G. and Kassa, B., 2015. Farmers climate change adaptation options and their determinants in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10 (9), pp. 956-964.
[8] Karimi, V., Karami, E. and Keshavarz, M., 2018. Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17 (1), pp. 1-15.
[9] Lalego, B., Ayalew, T. and Kaske, D., 2019. Impact of climate variability and change on crop production and farmers’ adaptation strategies in Lokka Abaya District, Southern Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13 (3), pp. 1-11.
[10] Lemma, D. T. and Megersa, H. G., 2021. Impact of climate change on East African coffee production and its mitigation strategies. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17 (2), pp. 81-89.
[11] Matewos, T., 2020. The state of local adaptive capacity to climate change in drought-prone districts of rural Sidama, southern Ethiopia. Climate Risk Management, 27, p. 100209.
[12] Nielsen-Gammon, J. W., Banner, J. L., Cook, B. I., Tremaine, D. M., Wong, C. I., Mace, R. E., Gao, H., Yang, Z. L., Gonzalez, M. F., Hoffpauir, R. and Gooch, T., 2020. Unprecedented drought challenges for Texas water resources in a changing climate: what do researchers and stakeholders need to know?. Earth's Future, 8 (8), p. e2020EF001552.
[13] Paul, C. J. and Weinthal, E., 2019. The development of Ethiopia's Climate Resilient Green Economy 2011–2014: implications for rural adaptation. Climate and Development, 11 (3), pp. 193-202.
[14] Rasul, G. and Sharma, B., 2016. The nexus approach to water–energy–food security: an option for adaptation to climate change. Climate Policy, 16 (6), pp. 682-702.
[15] Shirima, A. O. and Lubawa, G., 2017. Farm based adaptation strategies to climate change among smallholder farmers in Manyoni District, Tanzania. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 7 (7), pp. 1-22.
[16] Smur, G., Teka, K. and Teklehaimanot, A., 2021. Small-scale–irrigated agriculture empowered women-headed households in Tigray, Ethiopia. Irrigation and Drainage, 70 (4), pp. 900-908.
[17] Tadesse, G. and Dereje, M., 2018. Impact of climate change on smallholder dairy production and coping mechanism in Sub-Saharan Africa-review. Agric. Res. Technol, 16.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Solomon Umer, Alemayehu Regassa. (2022). Adaptation Response of Farmer to Climate Change and Variability in Gibe District of Hadiya Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 11(6), 157-164. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12

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    ACS Style

    Solomon Umer; Alemayehu Regassa. Adaptation Response of Farmer to Climate Change and Variability in Gibe District of Hadiya Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2022, 11(6), 157-164. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12

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    AMA Style

    Solomon Umer, Alemayehu Regassa. Adaptation Response of Farmer to Climate Change and Variability in Gibe District of Hadiya Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia. Am J Environ Prot. 2022;11(6):157-164. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12,
      author = {Solomon Umer and Alemayehu Regassa},
      title = {Adaptation Response of Farmer to Climate Change and Variability in Gibe District of Hadiya Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {11},
      number = {6},
      pages = {157-164},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20221106.12},
      abstract = {Climate change and variability across human borders and borders pose the greatest environmental, social, and economic concerns in many countries. Different mechanisms exist to react to the impacts of climate change and variability, including the adaptation. This study aim was to evaluate adaptation responses of farmers' to climate change and variability. Using an interview of household, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, the study has collected qualitative and quantitative data using a stratified random sampling technique and a multiple stage sampling procedure. As a result, 299 household respondents were selected from three kebeles to provide primary data. National meteorological agency provided secondary data of rainfall and temperature. With the help of SPSS software version 20 and Microsoft Excel, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and multinomial logistic methods. The result reveals that seasonal and yearly rainfalls in the area are unpredictable with a declining tendency, while temperature is dramatically rising. Crop yield is also reducing and becoming highly unstable, according to the survey result, due to the effects of climate variability and change. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the majority of farmers are aware of climate change and its effects on crop production. Changes in crop type/or and variety, as well as proper soil and water conservation, are the most important climate change adaptation responses in the area. Similarly, findings revealed that raising agricultural community awareness and knowledge, providing to implement appropriate adaptation responses, are critical requirements for reducing the negative effects of climate change and variability. To improve crop production in the study area, it is critical to create way of adaptation responses and facilities to the climate variability and change adaptation responses to the smallholder farmers.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Adaptation Response of Farmer to Climate Change and Variability in Gibe District of Hadiya Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia
    AU  - Solomon Umer
    AU  - Alemayehu Regassa
    Y1  - 2022/12/28
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 157
    EP  - 164
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221106.12
    AB  - Climate change and variability across human borders and borders pose the greatest environmental, social, and economic concerns in many countries. Different mechanisms exist to react to the impacts of climate change and variability, including the adaptation. This study aim was to evaluate adaptation responses of farmers' to climate change and variability. Using an interview of household, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, the study has collected qualitative and quantitative data using a stratified random sampling technique and a multiple stage sampling procedure. As a result, 299 household respondents were selected from three kebeles to provide primary data. National meteorological agency provided secondary data of rainfall and temperature. With the help of SPSS software version 20 and Microsoft Excel, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and multinomial logistic methods. The result reveals that seasonal and yearly rainfalls in the area are unpredictable with a declining tendency, while temperature is dramatically rising. Crop yield is also reducing and becoming highly unstable, according to the survey result, due to the effects of climate variability and change. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the majority of farmers are aware of climate change and its effects on crop production. Changes in crop type/or and variety, as well as proper soil and water conservation, are the most important climate change adaptation responses in the area. Similarly, findings revealed that raising agricultural community awareness and knowledge, providing to implement appropriate adaptation responses, are critical requirements for reducing the negative effects of climate change and variability. To improve crop production in the study area, it is critical to create way of adaptation responses and facilities to the climate variability and change adaptation responses to the smallholder farmers.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Natural Resource Management, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia

  • Department of Natural Resource Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

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